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Lab Standardization
Transform messy laboratory data into research-ready assets
Lab data is challenging to work with—data sizes are large, LOINC codes are missing or inaccurate, units are unstandardized, etc.
Cornerstone’s AI-powered lab cleaning product helps rapidly transform raw data into analytics-ready assets while maximizing data quality.
Increase the number of lab records that meet analysis criteria
Improve test coverage and data accuracy
Reduce data standardization process from months to hours
Trusted by leading pharma companies and data providers
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Impact
Lab records annually cleaned
>50 billion per year
Increase in analysis-ready lab records
+15 to 50%
Increase in data accuracy
+2 to 10%
Off-the-shelf support for
>100,000 tests
With In-House Teams
Typically months
of manual data cleaning needed per test
With Cornerstone
Processed in hours
Delivered via SFTP or on-prem
Basic Test Identification
Cornerstone adds, validates, and corrects LOINC codes to enable efficient and comprehensive identification of tests and patients.
Increase LOINC code and test name assignment rates
Examine existing LOINC assignments for accuracy
Maximize test and patient counts
Reduce time and complexity for core data query tasks
Before (raw lab data)
LOINC Code
Order Name
Result Name
Unit
2339-0
CBC with Auto Diff
WBC
x10E3/uL
6690-2
CBC W Diff
LEUKOCTYES
thous/uL
-
CBC W/ DIFF, Manual
WBC
10e3/mL
-
CBC
# WBC
-
-
CBC W/O Diff
ABS LEUK
K/mcl
Complex, heterogeneous, challenging to researchers attempting to identify tests and patients of interest among billions of records
With Cornerstone (Appended Columns)
CAI LOINC Code
CAI Test Name
6690-2
WBC Count, Blood
6690-2
WBC Count, Blood
804-5
WBC Count, Blood
26464-8
WBC Count, Blood
26464-8
WBC Count, Blood
Consistent, standardized, enable efficient identification of tests and patients
Before (raw lab data)
LOINC Code
Order Name
Result Name
Unit
2339-0
CBC with Auto Diff
WBC
x10E3/uL
6690-2
CBC W Diff
LEUKOCTYES
thous/uL
-
CBC W/ DIFF, Manual
WBC
10e3/mL
-
CBC
# WBC
-
-
CBC W/O Diff
ABS LEUK
K/mcl
Lab datasets are often missing LOINC Codes for a significant portion of records-forcing researchers to manually comb through messy test results and order name information to identify tests and patients.
With Cornerstone (Appended Columns)
CAI LOINC Code
CAI Test Name
6690-2
WBC Count, Blood
26464-8
WBC Count, Blood
804-5
WBC Count, Blood
26464-8
WBC Count, Blood
26464-8
WBC Count, Blood
Cornerstone fills in missing codes to provide a single, comprehensive point of reference for test identification
Before (raw lab data)
LOINC Code
Order Name
Result Name
Unit
2339-0
CBC with Auto Diff
WBC
x10E3/uL
6690-2
CBC W Diff
LEUKOCTYES
thous/uL
-
CBC W/ DIFF, Manual
WBC
10e3/mL
-
CBC
# WBC
-
-
CBC W/O Diff
ABS LEUK
K/mcl
When a LOINC code is present, Cornerstone produces an independent prediction based on the ‘raw’ test information (result name, order name and unit.)
With Cornerstone (Appended Columns)
CAI LOINC Code
CAI Test Name
6690-2
WBC Count, Blood
6690-2
WBC Count, Blood
6690-2
WBC Count, Blood
804-5
WBC Count, Blood
26363-8
WBC Count, Blood
Cornerstone validates existing codes when they are consistent with the predicted code, increasing the reliability of lab data.
Before (raw lab data)
LOINC Code
Order Name
Result Name
Unit
2339-0
CBC with Auto Diff
WBC
x10E3/uL
6690-2
CBC W Diff
LEUKOCTYES
thous/uL
-
CBC W/ DIFF, Manual
WBC
10e3/mL
-
CBC
# WBC
-
-
CBC W/O Diff
ABS LEUK
K/mcl
Errors exist in the native LOINC codes. On average, between 1 and 10% of native codes are incorrect. In the example here the code 2339-0 refers to a Glucose in test.
With Cornerstone (Appended Columns)
CAI LOINC Code
CAI Test Name
6690-2
WBC Count, Blood
26464-8
WBC Count, Blood
6690-2
WBC Count, Blood
804-5
WBC Count, Blood
26363-8
WBC Count, Blood
Cornerstone’s proprietary LOINC algorithm is >98% accurate, allowing users to identify records incorrect natives codes and correct these records to a more accurate code. In this example, 6690-2 refers to a leukocyte count in blood - a much better match for the raw test data.
Before (raw lab data)
LOINC Code
Order Name
Result Name
Unit
2339-0
CBC with Auto Diff
WBC
x10E3/uL
6690-2
CBC W Diff
LEUKOCTYES
thous/uL
-
CBC W/ DIFF, Manual
WBC
10e3/mL
-
CBC
# WBC
-
-
CBC W/O Diff
ABS LEUK
K/mcl
LOINC codes are predominantly missing, and when they are populated multiple codes refer to the same test.
With Cornerstone (Appended Columns)
CAI LOINC Code
CAI Test Name
6690-2
WBC Count, Blood
26464-8
WBC Count, Blood
6690-2
WBC Count, Blood
804-5
WBC Count, Blood
26363-8
WBC Count, Blood
LOINC Codes are enormously helpful, but complex. There are over 90 codes which can refer to leukocyte tests in LOINC. Cornerstone adds a simplified test name column which groups together analytically similar tests for easier interpretation.
Deep Lab Cleaning
Produce fully harmonized, analysis-ready data
Once tests have been identified, analyzing results requires interpreting units and test results.
Includes all Base Test Identification features + unit standardization, conversion, imputation, and abnormality detection
Automate months of manual work to unlock ready-to-use, record level data
Harmonize all unit variations that appear for a given test
Before (raw lab data)
Order Name
Result Name
Unit
Measurement
CBC with Auto Diff
WBC
x10E3/uL
4.7
CBC W/O Diff
White Blood Count
K/mcl
9.2
CBC W/ DIFF
White Blood Cell Count
thous/ul
9.28.9
CBC W Diff, Manual
WBC
10e3/mL
10,200
CBC
# WBC
-
4.8
Raw lab data is complex and heterogenous, posing significant challenges to researchers attempting to identify and interpret tests in a efficient and accurate manner.
With Cornerstone (Appended Columns)
csai_consumer_name
csai_result
csai_unit
WBC Count, Blood
4.7
10*3/uL
WBC Count, Blood
9.2
10*3/uL
WBC Count, Blood
8.9
10*3/uL
WBC Count, Blood
10.2
10*3/uL
WBC Count, Blood
4.8
10*3/uL
Cornerstone adds new columns with, standard LOINC concepts, consistent units, and easily interpretable test results
Before (raw lab data)
Order Name
Result Name
Unit
Measurement
CBC with Auto Diff
WBC
x10E3/uL
4.7
CBC W/O Diff
White Blood Count
K/mcl
9.2
CBC W/ DIFF
White Blood Cell Count
thous/ul
9.28.9
CBC W Diff, Manual
WBC
10e3/mL
10,200
CBC
# WBC
-
4.8
Lab datasets are often missing LOINC codes (not shown) for a significant portion of records, forcing researchers to manually comb through messy test result and order name information to identify tests and patients
With Cornerstone (Appended Columns)
csai_consumer_name
csai_result
csai_unit
WBC Count, Blood
4.7
10*3/uL
WBC Count, Blood
9.2
10*3/uL
WBC Count, Blood
8.9
10*3/uL
WBC Count, Blood
10.2
10*3/uL
WBC Count, Blood
4.8
10*3/uL
Cornerstone’s Deep Labs includes the same LOINC code and test imputation, validation, and correction steps as in Basic Labs.
Before (raw lab data)
Order Name
Result Name
Unit
Measurement
CBC with Auto Diff
WBC
x10E3/uL
4.7
CBC W/O Diff
White Blood Count
K/mcl
9.2
CBC W/ DIFF
White Blood Cell Count
thous/ul
9.28.9
CBC W Diff, Manual
WBC
10e3/mL
10,200
CBC
# WBC
-
4.8
Raw lab units exhibit both semantic and mathematical variation. In many datasets a single test may have hundreds of different units, which reflect both semantic and mathematical variation.
With Cornerstone (Appended Columns)
csai_consumer_name
csai_result
csai_unit
WBC Count, Blood
4.7
10*3/uL
WBC Count, Blood
9.2
10*3/uL
WBC Count, Blood
8.9
10*3/uL
WBC Count, Blood
10.2
10*3/uL
WBC Count, Blood
4.8
10*3/uL
Cornerstone standardizes units to the UCUM to remove semantic variation.
Before (raw lab data)
Order Name
Result Name
Unit
Measurement
CBC with Auto Diff
WBC
x10E3/uL
4.7
CBC W/O Diff
White Blood Count
K/mcl
9.2
CBC W/ DIFF
White Blood Cell Count
thous/ul
9.28.9
CBC W Diff, Manual
WBC
10e3/mL
10,200
CBC
# WBC
-
4.8
After standardization, conversion of the unitst, the lab results, and the normal ranges (where available) is necessary to ensure all results are comparable in the same distribution.
With Cornerstone (Appended Columns)
csai_consumer_name
csai_result
csai_unit
WBC Count, Blood
4.7
10*3/uL
WBC Count, Blood
9.2
10*3/uL
WBC Count, Blood
8.9
10*3/uL
WBC Count, Blood
10.2
10*3/uL
WBC Count, Blood
4.8
10*3/uL
Cornerstone converts units within a test to a single value so that results are comparable and analytically read.
Before (raw lab data)
Order Name
Result Name
Unit
Measurement
CBC with Auto Diff
WBC
x10E3/uL
4.7
CBC W/O Diff
White Blood Count
K/mcl
9.2
CBC W/ DIFF
White Blood Cell Count
thous/ul
9.28.9
CBC W Diff, Manual
WBC
10e3/mL
10,200
CBC
# WBC
-
4.8
It is common for a meaningful portion of lab records to be missing units, often due to data pipeline errors. Analysts commonly drop these records, losing statistical power and potentially introducing bias.
With Cornerstone (Appended Columns)
csai_consumer_name
csai_result
csai_unit
WBC Count, Blood
4.7
10*3/uL
WBC Count, Blood
9.2
10*3/uL
WBC Count, Blood
8.9
10*3/uL
WBC Count, Blood
10.2
10*3/uL
WBC Count, Blood
4.8
10*3/uL
Cornerstone selectively imputes units by comparing the lab result to normal reference ranges in different, commonly available units to identify the most likely match.
Trusted by the world’s leading life sciences companies
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